HTML

HTML

πŸ“Œ What is HTML ?

HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and is a markup language used to create the skeleton of web pages.

  • HyperText : Allows linking between web pages.
  • Markup : Divides text into meaningful sections like headings, paragraphs, lists, and tables, and formats them.
  • Language : Has a structured syntax that computers and browsers can understand.

HTML is not a programming language, it is a markup language.

It works together with CSS (for design) and JavaScript (for interactivity) to complete the appearance and functionality of websites.

History of HTML

The history of HTML is closely related to the birth of the web. Here is the step-by-step history of HTML:

  1. 1. Beginning: 1989 – 1991

  2. HTML was developed by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN.
  3. Purpose: To enable researchers to combine their files.
  4. The initial HTML has very simple structure characteristics: headings, paragraphs, additions, and lists can be created.

  1. 2. HTML 2.0 (1995)

  2. The first official HTML standard was published by IETF.
  3. Basic tags and structures were standardized.
  4. Forms (input, textarea, button, etc.) became standard in this version.

  1. 3. HTML 3.2 (1997)

  2. Published by W3C.
  3. New features added: tables (<table>), fonts (<font>), frames (<frame>).
  4. Allowed more flexible and visually rich web pages.

  1. 4. HTML 4.01 (1999)

  2. One of the most widely used standard versions.
  3. Introduced a structure encouraging CSS usage (HTML for content; CSS for design).
  4. Semantic tags started to be used (<div>, <span>, etc.).

  1. 5. XHTML (2000s)

  2. A stricter, XML-compatible version of HTML.
  3. Some rules became mandatory for browser compatibility.

  1. 6. HTML5 (2014)

  2. Forms the foundation of modern web.
    2. Semantic tags: <header>, <footer>, <article>, <section>
    3. Multimedia: <audio>, <video>
    4. Interactive elements and forms: <canvas>, <datalist>
    5. Better JavaScript integration and mobile compatibility.
  4. HTML5 is the most widely used version today.

  • Summary

  • 1995 β†’ HTML 2.0
  • 1997 β†’ HTML 3.2
  • 1999 β†’ HTML 4.01
  • 2014 β†’ HTML5

Simple HTML Web Example

HTML

<! DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <title>Hello Word</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Hello World</h1>
        <p>This is a paragraph</p>
    </body>
</html>

How to run this code?

  1. Create a new file on your computer.
  2. Name the file index.html.
  3. Copy the code above and paste it into the file.
  4. Double-click the file or open it in a web browser.
  5. You will see the page working πŸŽ‰

If you save this code as a .html file and open it in a browser, you will see the text "Hello World!" on the screen. πŸš€

  1. 1. <!DOCTYPE html>

  2. Informs the browser that this document is written in HTML5 standard.
  3. Placed at the very top for proper rendering.

  1. 2. <html> ... </html>

  2. The root (main) tag of the HTML document.
  3. All content is placed inside this tag.

  1. 3. <head> ... </head>

  2. Contains information about the page (metadata).
  3. Title, style sheets, scripts, charset information, etc., go here and are not directly visible to the user.

  1. 4. <title> ... </title>

  2. Sets the title of the page.
  3. This text appears in the browser tab.

  1. 5. <body> ... </body>

  2. Contains all content visible to the user.
  3. Text, images, links, tables, and forms go here.

  1. 6. <h1> ... </h1>

  2. Heading tag (Heading 1).
  3. Represents the largest and most important heading.
  4. h1 β†’ largest, h6 β†’ smallest heading tag.

  1. 7. <p> ... </p>

  2. Paragraph tag.
  3. Displays the enclosed text as a paragraph.
Html Attributes